What describes a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and smaller political units?

The description of a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and smaller political units is known as federalism. In a federalist system, the constitution outlines the division of responsibilities and powers between the national and regional governments, allowing both levels of government to operate independently within their respective jurisdictions. This structure is designed to balance the need for a strong central government with the desire for local autonomy, enabling governance that can respond appropriately to the specific needs of diverse regions within the country. Federalism is characterized by the presence of multiple levels of government, each with its own set of powers and responsibilities, which helps prevent the concentration of power and supports a system of checks and balances.